The Future of Electric Cars in India

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The Government of India is planning to make a complete transformation to electric vehicles by 2030. For this, the government needs to make electric cars and vehicles a priority to lessen our dependence on fossil fuels. A few steps like increasing the market transparency, a good policy environment, and reducing the production cost on a large scale should be taken by the government to accomplish full electric mobility.

What is an Electric Car?

An electric car is a car run by one or more electric motors which use the energy stored in rechargeable batteries, instead of using petrol or diesel. An electric car can be a solar-powered electric car, a hybrid electric car powered by a mix of internal combustion and batteries, or an electric car with onboard battery packs also known as battery electric vehicle (BEV). Electric cars are often referred to as battery electric vehicles or plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEV)

What is an Electric Car?: The Future of Electric Cars in India

Popularity of Electric Cars in India

There has been an increase in the liking of people of India towards electric cars in the past few years. Electric cars are a promising option for the Indians. Electric cars do not produce any emissions. As the rising pollution is a major concern for the nation, electric cars can go a long way in controlling it. 

Since the median age of the Indians population is 27 years, this generation is attracted by innovation, sustainability, and environmental conservation. With battery prices reportedly having fallen by 73% since 2010, electric cars are expected to be as cheap as fuel-powered cars in the foreseeable future. The International Energy Agency cites that by 2020 up to 20 million electric vehicles will ply the road, a number that is expected to go up to 70 million by 2025. Many manufacturers and start-ups are ensuring the surplus availability of products by manufacturing vehicles, components, and batteries together.

Popularity of Electric Cars in India: The Future of Electric Cars in India

Why are Electric Cars better than Fuel Cars?

Electric cars are much cheaper than fuel cars due to which these cars can have a much bigger market. Also, the low operating cost compared to the conventional internal combustion engines will make these cars more readily available to the customers. The reason for this lies in the fact that charging a battery takes a lower cost as compared to refueling a conventional liquid fuel tank.

The price of electricity as fuel could fall as low as Rs 1.1/km, which will help an electric vehicle owner save up to Rs. 20,000 for every 5,000/km traveled. Finally, electrification will help reduce vehicular emissions, the main reason for air pollution which causes an average 3% GDP loss every year.

Electric cars have 75 to 80 % lesser moving components which makes them low maintenance vehicles. These cars are also better in performance and drivability.

Why are Electric Cars better than Fuel Cars?: The Future of Electric Cars in India
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Challenges in Adopting Electric Cars by Indian Consumers

To change the mindset of people about the advantages of electric cars, will require a lot of work like sensitizing them through advertisement, etc. How many miles an electric car can go at maximum charge is a matter of concern for customers all over the world. Also, there are many other challenges like the complete absence of battery cell manufacturing, building charging infrastructure, filling the supply-demand gap, and creating the closed-loop mobility ecosystem.

Problems in Manufacturing Electric Cars in India

In electric cars, the material used is completely different from that used in fuel cars. The high cost of Electric cars is a reason of concern among Indians. New demands on the world supply chain could be generated as demand for the battery components such as nickel and cobalt could rise significantly.

The complete absence of battery cell manufacturing is a major concern too. But many foreign and local companies have started working on setting up battery manufacturing plants in India. At present, our auto manufacturers import lithium-ion batteries from China, Taiwan, and Korea.

Problems in Manufacturing Electric Cars in India

Conclusion

There are massive changes in terms of technology and people’s attitude towards car’s environmental impacts and other mobility solutions. In India, the electric cars market is a lucrative goal for companies and startups. Many hurdles still need to be addressed to make electric cars a favorite among consumers. The demand for electric vehicles is dependent on the availability of fast-charging batteries with extended driving range.

For the developers of electric cars, the main challenge is developing quality batteries that are long-lasting, safe, and can store a lot of energy. In the current ecosystem, lead-acid batteries and lithium-ion batteries are the most suitable options.

Lithium-ion batteries, on the other hand, are capable of fast charging and high performance and can be found in the latest electric vehicles. Today’s lithium-ion batteries are also safer due to the addition of less electrochemically active metals, such as aluminum or manganese, which reduce the risk of fire due to oxidation. Innovations in cathode materials, such as adopting nickel, have improved their energy content, safety, and life span.

Battery manufacturing is actually a costly venture. The government of India should focus on promoting technological disruption to resolve these challenges. The government should also provide enhanced tax incentives and subsidies to potential car owners and suppliers to make a faster adoption of electric cars possible soon.

By- Suman Lata

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