Legal Academia: Eligibility and Opportunities

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Study of law has always been regarded as a prestigious career path. It is ironic that for a field having such a broad area of study, people are shortsighted in the opportunities it offers. Most students, towards the completion of their degree, immerse themselves in the preparation of either Bar exams or Judiciary exams, some even try to crack the civil services exams. In such a scenario, entering the legal academia is often overlooked.

Being a part of legal academia gives the advantage of choosing the topic in which an individual wishes to research. Imparting knowledge to the future generation of law students is also an inherently rewarding task. It is often said that a teacher has more pride in the achievements of their students. A professor is not restricted to their own university, they may visit other institutions to deliver lectures, be a part of competitions as judges, give presentations.

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In order to be eligible as a professor of law in India, a person must after the completion of their 3-year LL.B. or 5-year integrated LL.B. undergraduate program, pursue and complete their LL.M. postgraduate program. The aspiring person must maintain a strong academic record and obtain a minimum of 55 per cent in their LL.M. degree. Following this, the aspirant can choose one of two ways to become a part of the legal academia.

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First option, the aspirant must clear the required competitive exam, which in the current case is the UGC National Eligibility Test (NET) conducted by the National Testing Agency (NTA) twice per year. Once this exam has been cleared by the aspirant, they are eligible for the post of Assistant Professor of Law or Research Fellowships. The 2021 UGC NET Law paper pattern had two papers, one, General Aptitude Test tested teaching and research capabilities and two, subject-specific questions to check legal knowledge.

Exams accredited by the UGC like SLET/SET may be given in place of NET. Where the aspiring persons have obtained a Ph.D. Degree, they will be exempted from the mandatory requirement of the clearing of NET/SLET/SET to be a party of the legal faculty of the educational institution.

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As a second option, aspirants may choose a degree of LLD (Doctor of Laws). This degree is a specialized law degree after the competition of which, the candidates may join the academic field of law. Different institutions have different requirements for students to enroll themselves into their LLD programme. Some require completion of Ph.D., some require only completion of LLM with a minimum of 50 percent, and some require teaching experience and academic achievements. The course has a duration of three years and can be completed in a maximum of six years.

The rules and regulations of the UGC state that an Assistant Professor who has a Ph.D. qualification is eligible to earn promotion to the post of an Associate Professor after 12 years of service as an Assistant Professor of law.

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On an illustrative basis, most national law universities search for candidates who have a Ph.D. degree in their respective area of law; a masters degree in law where they have scored a minimum of 55% from a well reputed university; at least 8 years of experience of teaching in the post of an Assistant Professor in any recognized university or college; and some academic excellence or contribution, contemporary courses and curriculum.

For the post of Professor of Law, candidates who are scholars having a Ph.D. degree in their respective legal subject, who have at least 10 years of experience as a lecturer in a recognized university or college and a minimum eligibility score in Academic Performance Indicator based Performance Based Appraisal System (PBAS) are generally preferred. Although the climb to the top of the legal academia mountain may seem a steep one, the field is evergreen and a promising one.

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By: Debarati Pal

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