Dear aspirant, the geologist study the solid and liquid matter that constitute the earth. It is an applied science rather than theoretical one. After obtaining the degree in geology the progress in five years could be appreciable. It all depends upon in which field you want to pursue your career.

As you must be aware that a career in geology in educational field is steady and not that fast as you are thinking. The geology career in research is tremendous, it all depends upon which group you have joined. Specially in western country universities, any scientist or researcher is doing good work, he or she will progress accordingly. Therefore, it depends upon your interest and the company or organization you will join. Moreover, there is another question of job satisfaction. If you are satisfied as Teacher or professor and by time bound promotion you are progressing steadily then it is also good for you.

As a scientist, you have to work toward research aspects, for progressing in five years you have to write and win research projects. This you have to apply to various funding agencies related to your subject or area of interest. Keep in mind, you have to work sincerely and publish your results, if you want grants from that funding agency next time. Usually it happens, if the scientist do not work as per the technical program, that will certainly affect his results.
Now from monetary point of view, as a geologist, if you join a middle east country or specially any Gulf country then you can earn lot of money in five years. I know many persons in Gulf countries, who have only diploma and they are earning like anything. I even know one person who has obtained diploma in geological area and he is working for fifteen days and fifteen days rest. In terms of salary, he is earning ten times more than what he could earn in India.

So it all depends upon where you are working and as what you are working. In Gulf countries you can progress from money point of view, but regarding promotion, it is not that fast. Because the citizens are preferred over expatriates. So decide yourself, you want money in five years or you want to excel as educationist or researcher or scientist.
Good Luck!!!