Dear Aspirant, theoretically speaking a degree in Geology from India and Abroad stands on a same platform. Practically speaking the value or weight of Geology degree from abroad is more. In Indian scenario, still we have a mentality and notion that someone having a degree from western country is having more knowledge and technical expertise compared to that, who have degree from an Indian University.
In my opinion this is not hundred percent correct. I know many people who are having degree from Indian universities and they are having great command over their subject and specialization. Moreover, they are working perfectly in all corners of the world.
Let us take another situation, you are having Indian degree and you want to work outside India. In Middle East Countries, specially in Gulf, people will prefer those Geologists who have their degree from Abroad (US, European, Australian) Universities. I have worked for eight years in Gulf, people their have a common notion that a degree from western country is more valuable compared to Indian University. In their opinion, Indian universities are not producing that much competent technical persons as English Universities.
I have seen and heard that even Indian or Bangladeshi will be preferred over those (degree holding person from Asian countries) for a job in University, research organization, if having a degree from US or Canada.

Practically speaking, this should not happen, but still Indian degree holder having vast technical knowledge is being out competed by an average person who has a degree from US, Canada or European countries.

If you are looking for a job in India, then there is no problem, you should fulfill the basic requirement for the post of Geologist, and in Interview you can cast your spell. But if you are looking for a job in US or Canada, people from their countries will be given preference, unless you have extraordinary career. Still you can out compete people there, by doing excel in your field. If you wish to go as scientist or professor, you should have a good number of research publications, research projects and guided some doctoral degree students.
At the beginning of your career, you are supposed to clear some tests to get entry into US or Canadian or European Universities.
The crux of the thing is, it all depends upon your hard work, you can work anywhere in the world as Geologist....